Confounding - Wikipedia
A person confounding occurs when two or more groups of units are analyzed together (e.g., workers from different occupations), despite varying according to one or more other (observed or unobserved) characteristics (e.g., gender).
Confounding Variables | Definition, Examples & Controls - Scribbr
2020年5月29日 · A confounding variable, also called a confounder or confounding factor, is a third variable in a study examining a potential cause-and-effect relationship. A confounding variable is related to both the supposed cause and the supposed effect of the study.
What is a Confounding Variable? (Definition & Example)
2021年2月19日 · Confounding variable: A variable that is not included in an experiment, yet affects the relationship between the two variables in an experiment. This type of variable can confound the results of an experiment and lead to unreliable findings.
Confound Definition & Meaning - Merriam-Webster
dumbfound suggests intense but momentary confounding; often the idea of astonishment is so stressed that it becomes a near synonym of astound.
Confounding Variables in Psychology: Definition & Examples
2023年7月31日 · A confounding variable in psychology is an extraneous factor that interferes with the relationship between an experiment’s independent and dependent variables. It’s not the variable of interest but can influence the outcome, leading to inaccurate conclusions about the relationship being studied.
What Is a Confounding Variable? Definition and Examples
2020年9月15日 · A confounding variable is a variable that influences both the independent variable and dependent variable and leads to a false correlation between them. A confounding variable is also called a confounder, confounding factor, or lurking variable.
Confounding: What it is and how to deal with it - ScienceDirect
2008年2月1日 · Confounding, sometimes referred to as confounding bias, is mostly described as a ‘mixing’ or ‘blurring’ of effects. 1 It occurs when an investigator tries to determine the effect of an exposure on the occurrence of a disease (or other outcome), but then actually measures the effect of another factor, a confounding variable. As most ...
Confounding Variable: Definition & Examples - Statistics by Jim
2018年9月24日 · A confounding variable systematically influences both an independent and dependent variable in a manner that changes the apparent relationship between them. Failing to account for a confounding variable can bias your results, leading to erroneous interpretations.
A beginner's guide to confounding - Students 4 Best Evidence
2018年10月1日 · A beginner's guide to confounding, with clear examples and explanation on how to minimise the effects in study design and statistical analysis.
What is Confounding? - Boston University School of Public Health
2016年6月3日 · What is Confounding? Confounding is a distortion (inaccuracy) in the estimated measure of association that occurs when the primary exposure of interest is mixed up with some other factor that is associated with the outcome.