Treatment of hypernatremia in adults - UpToDate
May 17, 2024 · This topic will focus on the treatment of hypernatremia induced by water loss, which is the most common cause. The treatment of hypernatremia in patients with impaired thirst, with or without arginine vasopressin disorders, and …
Etiology and evaluation of hypernatremia in adults - UpToDate
Jun 10, 2024 · Because sodium and its anions make up most of the effective osmoles in the extracellular fluid, a high plasma sodium concentration (hypernatremia) indicates hypertonicity and a decrease in cell volume . In most cases, hypernatremia results from water depletion.
Causes of hyponatremia without hypotonicity (including ...
Sep 18, 2024 · HYPERTONIC OR ISOTONIC HYPONATREMIA. Hypertonic hyponatremia caused by hyperglycemia; Hypertonic or isotonic hyponatremia caused by exogenous solutes - Intravenous mannitol - Intravenous immune globulins - Isotonic hyponatremia due to surgical irrigants - Isotonic hyponatremia due to cardioplegia with histidine-tryptophan-ketoglutarate ...
Causes of hypotonic hyponatremia in adults - UpToDate
Oct 29, 2024 · General principles of disorders of water balance (hyponatremia and hypernatremia) and sodium balance (hypovolemia and edema) Hyponatremia and hyperkalemia in adrenal insufficiency Hyponatremia in patients with cirrhosis
Official reprint from UpToDate - Wolters Kluwer
Oct 8, 2024 · The causes and evaluation of hyponatremia, hypernatremia, hypovolemia, and edema are presented separately: (See "Causes of hypotonic hyponatremia in adults".) (See "Diagnostic evaluation of adults with hyponatremia".) (See "Etiology and evaluation of hypernatremia in adults".)
Overview of the treatment of hyponatremia in adults - UpToDate
Jul 19, 2024 · Manifestations of hyponatremia and hypernatremia in adults; Osmotic demyelination syndrome (ODS) and overly rapid correction of hyponatremia; Pathophysiology and etiology of the syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion (SIADH) Patient education: Hyponatremia (The Basics) Society guideline links: Fluid and electrolyte disorders ...
Hypernatremia in children - UpToDate
May 31, 2023 · Hypernatremia is typically defined as a serum or plasma sodium greater than 150 mEq/L. Although pediatric hypernatremia is an uncommon electrolyte abnormality, there can be significant neurologic injury in patients with severe hypernatremia, especially those with acute and rapid changes in serum sodium.
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Oct 25, 2023 · Thus, hypertonic saline will be predictably more effective in rapidly alleviating symptoms of severe hyponatremia. After euvolemia is established, the slow correction in patients receiving isotonic saline may accelerate due to suppression of ADH, leading to a …
Complications of mannitol therapy - UpToDate - Wolters Kluwer
Sep 23, 2024 · Volume depletion and hypernatremia — Mannitol is freely filtered by the glomerulus and does not undergo tubular reabsorption. Thus, it acts as an osmotic diuretic, increasing urinary losses of both sodium and electrolyte-free water.
Diagnostic evaluation of adults with hyponatremia - UpToDate
Jul 1, 2024 · Manifestations of hyponatremia and hypernatremia in adults; Osmotic demyelination syndrome (ODS) and overly rapid correction of hyponatremia; Overview of the treatment of hyponatremia in adults; Pathophysiology and etiology of the syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion (SIADH) Patient education: Hyponatremia (The Basics) Serum ...