These are “ant-plant” trees, which famously cooperate with fierce Azteca ants; the trees provide shelter and food to the ants, and in exchange the ants defend their leaves against herbivores.
At the same time, ants hunt pests like winter moth larvae, which can defoliate apple trees, to feed their larvae. This opens up entirely new perspectives for biological control of plant diseases.
In other tropical and subtropical woodlands, scores of different ant species may share a single tree. But there's little room for coexistence where the ants known as Oecophylla make their home ...
Trees can be expensive and are valuable plants we need to avoid injuring. Wounds are openings for decay organisms and trees expend energy for wound sealing, setting them up for ...