This comprehensive examination of D-lactate’s involvement in the inflammatory response process provides timely insights into the pathophysiological aspects of ruminal acidosis in cattle. Although the ...

Metabolic acidosis is common and will often need close management. Anuria or oliguria secondary to the renal system injury from hypoxia will need attention and can impact the critical balance of ...

2018). DO levels are critical for the survival of aquatic animals (Chen et al., 2025); very low levels (DO < 4 mg/L), classified as hypoxia, can be lethal to fish (Rector et al., 2022). Both air ...

Systemic signs and symptoms of DIC, including fever, hypoxia, acidosis, hypotension, and proteinuria, may vary and may mimic other clinical conditions such as sepsis. The clotting associated with ...