For a long time, almost all attention was on the motile cilia because their function was readily observable. But scientists, starting with Alexander Kowalevsky had reported the presence of single ...

On the other hand, injury or infection of the airways has been shown to cause disorientation after first impeding ciliary movement 11, arguing that disorientation is a consequence, rather than ...

We employ both molecular and cell biological techniques to probe these microtubule inner proteins that make up the core of a motile cilium and investigate their contributions to motile cilia movement ...

For instance, E. coli bacteria utilize a corkscrew-like motion, cilia move in synchronized waves, and flagella employ a ...