The period of independence movements also coincided with the introduction of the Modern Movement across the continent, which was associated with progress and a break from the colonial past.

But the Guggenheim show smartly continues on after the end of Orphism-and after Apollinaire's death in 1918-to suggest that this non-movement still left a lasting imprint on modern art.

The period of independence movements also coincided with the introduction of the Modern Movement across the continent, which was associated with progress and a break from the colonial past.