However, these flat faces – the official term being brachycephalic – usually mean that the animal’s breathing system is significantly compromised as it has to pump around the same amount of ...

Historically, a dolichocephalic (elongated) head shape was the norm. Currently the norm has changed to a more brachycephalic (shorter and broader) shape. Since the American Academy of Pediatrics ...

Limit prone positioning if the infant is dolichocephalic. The dolichocephalic head shape (Fig 4) interferes with the development of midline positioning and head control, causing a persistent ...

Many of the breeds that were at increased risk were flat-faced meaning that they had a ‘brachycephalic’ skull with a shortened head, flat face and short nose. The Labrador retriever – traditionally ...