Figure 5. Metabolic pathways of co-producing 1,3-PDO and 3-HP. The crucial intermediate 3-HPA is used to produce 3-hydroxypropionic acid (3-HP) under the catalyzation of GabD4 via oxidation reaction, ...

Using lactic acid for skin care can help you have a smoother, brighter complexion. As a gentle alpha hydroxy acid (AHA), lactic acid removes dead skin cells, lightens dark spots, and improves the look ...

Citric acid is a weak acid that is found naturally in all citrus fruits. Unlike strong acids, weak acids ionize only partially when in solution. If you’ve ever sunk your teeth into a lemon or ...

40°C, sample manager temp.: 10°C, mobile phases: A = water with 0.1% formic acid; and B = acetonitrile/IPA (70:30), gradient conditions: 0–1 min (5% B), 1–11 min (5–78% B), 11–13.5 min (78–95% B), ...