Another potential cause of esophageal spasm is spastic achalasia, a rare motility disorder (trouble moving food through the body). With spastic achalasia, your esophageal muscles don't contract ...

Dysphagia is the medical term for difficulty when swallowing. Swallowing is a complex process. It involves coordination from about 50 different nerves and muscles in the mouth, throat, and esophagus.

During the 1970s and the 1980s, operations for benign esophageal disorders were often ... pneumatic dilatation became first-line therapy for achalasia, even though surgical management had been ...