Children may experience several types of pediatric spinal deformity, including scoliosis, kyphosis and spondylolisthesis. Scoliosis and kyphosis involve an abnormal curvature of the spine.

Various sections of the spine have some degree of natural curvature. However, because of age-related degeneration, congenital abnormalities or neuromuscular disease, the spine can become abnormally ...

The whistle deformity is a secondary lip deformity characterised by inadequate fullness of the central upper lip with abnormal exposure of the central incisors when the lips are at rest, giving a ...

Many people who have scoliosis have a family history of the condition. Kyphosis, another spinal deformity, is an excessive curvature of the upper back, often with rounded shoulders. It also is called ...