with the NATO designation of Yankee-class. The Soviets introduced this submarine class in 1967 to counter the thermonuclear Polaris missiles used by the Americans in their SSBNs. Although the K ...

Many were converted for different uses, including for intelligence-gathering and as cruise-missile and attack submarines. By 1995, all Yankee-class boats had been decommissioned. In 1972 ...

“Russia’s Kilo-class diesel-electric submarine is one of the most successful naval programs in modern history,” wrote Eric Wertheim for the U.S. Naval Institute.