and it was, wonderfully, the heart of that very Pharaoh Menephthah of whom the Lord said unto Moses, Pharaoh’s heart is hardened. . . . (Exodus 7:14.) Contact us at letters@time.com ...

For example: “Pharaoh’s heart was hardened [literally: strengthened – וַיֶּחֱזַק] , and he did not listen to them” (Exodus 7:13; Exodus 7:22; Exodus 8:16). “Pharaoh’s heart ...

And the necromancers of Egypt did likewise with their secret arts, and Pharaoh’s heart was hardened, and he did not heed them, as the Lord had spoken” (Exodus 20-22). In last week’s parsha ...