After 1950, when the previous edition was published, advancing technology made possible a great deal of experimental work on the properties of negative ions in gases. Photodetachment techniques became ...

By using positive ray analysis he was able to correlate different ionisation potentials with the production of ions of different ratio of mass to charge. I have now used the same apparatus to ...

The attraction by chlorine is stronger than the attraction by sodium. An electron is transferred from sodium to chlorine. Sodium becomes a positive ion and chlorine becomes a negative ion. The ...

The European Space Agency’s (ESA) Negative Ions at the Lunar Surface (NILS) instrument, carried by Chang’e-6, detected negative ions on the lunar surface, produced by interactions with the ...