Unlike free doxorubicin, which is internalised by passive diffusion through the cell membrane, the drug-loaded nanoparticles trigger endocytosis, a process whereby the cell actively engulfs them.

primarily because LNPs are comprised of positively charged lipid nanoparticles that encapsulate negatively charged mRNA. Once in the body, LNPs enter cells via endocytosis into endosomes and are ...

Nanoparticles can be designed to traverse these barriers effectively. For instance, certain nanoparticles can exploit receptor-mediated endocytosis, allowing them to cross the BBB and deliver ...

the strategy of encapsulating mRNA into lipid nanoparticles (LNPs). Because LNPs protect mRNA, facilitate delivery to target cells, and support cell uptake by endocytosis, they promise to ...

Christopher Scott owns shares in Fusion Antibodies Ltd, Belfast, UK. The authors have no other relevant affiliations or financial involvement with any organization or entity with a financial ...

with Eudragit L100–55 nanoparticles, which released the drug ... Thus, among the described pathways, the caveolae endocytosis reaching caveosomes, appears to be the most appropriate.