Hypermethylation of CpG islands can cause tumors by shutting off tumor-suppressor genes. In fact, these types of changes may be more common in human cancer than DNA sequence mutations (Figure 2).
Epigenetic alterations come in many forms; the most frequently examined and best understood is DNA methylation (DNAm). DNAm occurs by the addition of a methyl group onto a cytosine-phosphate-guanine ...
As an oncometabolite, R-2-HG induces malignant transformation of glial progenitor cells by altering the chromatin structure (through broad DNA and histone hypermethylation) and disrupting the ...