The second tape examines the height of the Church’s influence and its corruption, which led to the Avignon papacy and the Reformation (the subject of the third tape). The fourth tape looks at ...

The extended period of time was undoubtedly caused initially by the conflict between French King Philip IV and the papacy. This led to the so-called Avignon Papacy, a period of 67 years (1309-1376 ...

Throughout its history, the papacy has engaged with the world. Volume 1 addresses how the papacy became an institution, and how it distinguished itself from other powers, both secular and religious.

During this time, church leaders in Rome and Avignon, France, as well as Pisa, Italy, all claimed to be the Pope at the same ...