Owing to problems in manufacturing reproducibility, alum has been almost completely replaced by aluminium hydroxide and aluminium phosphate for commercial vaccines. These can be prepared in a more ...

Sodium hydroxide is added to a cylinder of aluminum nitrate, precipitating out aluminum hydroxide. When additional base is added, the precipitate dissolves. The reactions can then be reversed with the ...

A few drops of dilute sodium hydroxide solution react to form a white precipitate with aluminium ions, calcium ions and magnesium ions. However, if excess sodium hydroxide solution is added ...